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- <text id=90TT2076>
- <title>
- Aug. 06, 1990: The Return Of The Golden Calf
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1990
- Aug. 06, 1990 Just Who Is David Souter?
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- SCIENCE, Page 57
- The Return of the Golden Calf
- </hdr>
- <body>
- <p>A figurine backs the tale of Moses and the idolatrous Israelites
- </p>
- <p> "And as soon as he came near the camp and saw the calf and
- the dancing, Moses' anger burned hot...And he took the calf
- which they had made, and burnt it with fire, and ground it to
- powder, and scattered it upon the water, and made the people
- of Israel drink it."
- </p>
- <p>-- Exodus 32:19-20
- </p>
- <p> Tough punishment, perhaps, but Moses' fury was
- understandable. Before he could even get the Ten Commandments
- down from Mount Sinai, his people had already broken No. 2:
- Thou shalt not make for thyself a graven image. Although
- idolatry had been forbidden under Hebrew law since the
- religion's birth, the Israelites' faith had wavered during
- their wanderings through the wilderness, and they had built
- themselves a golden calf like those worshiped by the Canaanites,
- who shared their ancestral homeland.
- </p>
- <p> Calf worship comes up in other parts of the Bible as well,
- always derided as an example of paganism. But while scientists
- have unearthed a few examples of bovine idols, they have never
- found a calf that predates the Exodus, which scholars think
- took place between 1500 and 1200 B.C. Last week, though, a team
- of Harvard archaeologists announced they had done just that.
- During excavations in the ancient port city of Ashkelon, Rachel
- Stark, 20, a student volunteer, accidentally uncovered a statue
- of a calf inside a pottery container. Says Stark: "I didn't
- realize what I had found."
- </p>
- <p> Her bosses did. Says Harvard's Lawrence Stager, the dig
- director: "I'm an old farm boy and recognized it as a bull calf
- immediately." Judging from the style of other pottery in the
- temple, he dates the figurine to about 1550 B.C. Because that
- is up to several hundred years before the escape from Egypt,
- Stager thinks the object might well have been a prototype for
- the calves mentioned in the Bible. It also supports the belief
- that the Israelites took some of their religious practices from
- other Canaanites.
- </p>
- <p> The object's significance may be as much artistic as it is
- religious: incredibly well preserved, it is intact except for
- a missing left horn. Israeli archaeologists are in awe of its
- beauty. Says Avraham Biran, former director of the Israeli
- Department of Antiquities: "People will be copying this because
- it's so pretty, so delicately done. It's in a class by itself."
- </p>
- <p> The calf is tiny--only about 12 1/2 cm (5 in.) long--and
- it is made of bronze, and possibly lead and silver as well,
- rather than gold. It may have been burnished to a golden color,
- says Stager. The calf was probably displayed emerging from the
- vessel in which it was discovered. He believes the idol was
- worshiped not for its inherent holiness but because it was
- associated with the Canaanite deity El, father of the gods, or
- his son Baal, god of storms.
- </p>
- <p> The find was doubly lucky for Stager. Not only did his team
- make an important discovery but it did so during a visit by
- Leon Levy, a New York businessman who is the dig's financial
- backer. Levy's reaction was to extend funding for the project,
- which started five years ago, for a decade.
- </p>
- <p>By Michael D. Lemonick. Reported by Robert Slater/Jerusalem.
- </p>
-
- </body>
- </article>
- </text>
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